Joseph-eafenegrger



gains "strut first. :9 I.

Letters Patent No, 81,894., dated September 8, 1868.

litrsovs'iusur In EXPLOSIVE oourouiip's.

flit; gtlutirltrtinrrn is in this wit patent not making part of it; time.

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; v

Be it known that I, Josnrnliarsuneens, of the city and county of San Francisco, State of California, have invented an Improved Explosive Compound and Self-Igniting Time-Match, ass substitute for gun and blasting-powder; and I do hereby declare-that the ingredients used in making and using said powder, and the process of mixing or compounding them tom'ake it, are described in the following specification, with directions for using the same when compounded.

In the manufacture of my powder, thesame general combination of ingredients is employed, with'one or two exceptions, in which cases :i. change of from one to two of the agents is made, as, for instance, where a weaker or stronger or self-explosive compouiid is wanted, and for a better understanding of the difl'erent quantities, I designate by numbers, as follows, to wit:

No. 1 is composed ofninet?) pounds of.-c hlorate potash, one-fourth (i) pound of sulphur, and one-fourth (5;). pound o Light charcoal; I p jeferhwillow charcoal. Thefpotash'andhhlarcoal are first pulverized and mixed, and then the sulphur is added, and the whole thordughliiucorporated; or six (6) parts of chlorate potash, tour (4) parts charcoal, and one part sulphur 'may be employed. By these proportions a. very good powder is had, but the strength is not so great as-in the formerpnoportions, neither is it quite so safe. These compounds, when so formed, make a very good and cheap blasting powder, when saturated with a liquid or liquids which I will describe below. v v I No. 2 is prepared with two (2) pounds chlorate potash, one (1) poundfi ii e dry white sirgar, one.(1) pound ferro-prussiate potash. I pnlveiize the potash and add the sulphur and sugar in rotation. Thisis self-exploding in from one-half Q) totwo hours, according to the temperature in'whioh it is'k-ept or exposedto the-air',

that is to say,- when saturated with the liquid above mentioned. This liquid, which I term: a self-igniting liquid or match, consists of one (I) to'two (2), more or less, parts phosphorus, and dissolved in two parts bisu'l phnret of carbon, and its ellect is more or less" instantaneous upon the compound, according to the'degree of saturation; for instance, if the compoundis thoroughly wetted with the liquid, it will explode much later than when only partially saturated. A nearer approximation may be had by experimenting and timing on. 3 is composed of four (4) pounds of chlorate potash, one-fourth (s) p'oundof powdored charcoal, one (1) 7 pound sulphur or sugar, and one (1) pound ferro-prussiste potash, which, when mixed, forms good shootingpowder, and may be used with or without my self-lighting match. It saturated with the liquid it will be of 1 much greater strength, or a compound made of three and one-half (3%) 'poundsof chlorate potash, one (1) pound of ferro-prhssiate potash, and one (1) pound of sulphur may be employed, leaviugoutthe sugar, will form fa good and cheap shooting-powder, with orv without the match. r i

No. 4, I prepare with four (4) pounds chlorate potash, four (4) pounds sugar, oneil'ourth (1}) poundiiharcoal, more or less, and one-fourtli-(g) sulphur. This preparation may be used for blasting andfor shells- -No. 5 is prepared by using one part chlorate potash and one part sugar. This is every good self-exploding compound when the fluid is added, but will not go oh by. the direct action of fire, but will explode bypercussion, and when it is saturated with the self-lighting match will explode in one-half hour. Q

This last compound is also a very good one for shells, giving a terrible explosive efiect; such that when placed in a small aperture, sosmall that if filled with gunpowder and'ignited, it would have no efi'ect whatever,

it would burst the shell to fragments. In this case, where a match is wanted, theoponing leading tg the chamber of the shell isfilled with common gun-cotton, saturated or wet with my self-ignitingfluid, wheh'it will ignite at the set or desired time without the aid of fire. Care should be taken to have the saturated gun-cotton touch the compound.

This compound will he found very efiective and cheap for blasting in mines, as dampness or water will not greatly impair its eliicncy, and the ease and safety with which-it can be'trenspo'rted will commend it te -parties, as it can be mixed at the place of using by nnskill-fnl hands. I would also recommend that the fluidsof which the match is composed be transported in separate flasks, as the quantity of each to be usedcan bet-determined after a little practice.

sneer No littleimportance can be attached to this compound as a match, by nations at war with each other, as where mines are to be exploded and cities destroyed, for it can he so timed that the explosion need not take place until the dislodged afrmy are a great. distance away. Powder-magazinesin the erleiny's country or on the field of battle may be exploded by spies or othe; persons with little danger of detection. Tissue-paper wet with it, will soon take fire and burn, and that in,the highest wind,vwhere"common matches would fail.

Powder No. 3 will explode by a slight tap with an iron, or a wheel passing over it on a stone or iron roadway, but not until after ithas been saturated with the ,fl a'idabove described, and thoroughly dried. This compound will make good cartridges, that will explode by percussion; also,- chloride of potash will explode by itself, when mixed with the selflighting match.

Having thus described my'ihvention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The within-described explo stye compounds, consisting of Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 made ofthe ingredients enumerneed; mixed or compounded in about the proportions specified. J

I also claim the self-igniting match, compounded of the liquids or fluids enumerated, whether applied sepstately or mixed, to the explosiye compounds or materials sought to .beignitedor exploded, substantially as described.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my handand seal. v t I 1 JOSEPH HAFRNEG'GER. [Lust] Witnesses: 7

Gsnvm Bsown, 0. W. M. Sun's. 

